What are solar panels, and How do solar panels work?

A Solar panel is known as a photovoltaic panel. It is basically a device that turns sunlight into electricity through a process called a photovoltaic panel. In another way, solar panels are used to catch the sun’s energy and use it to power things like our homes and business areas. By using solar panels, we can get clean energy from the sun, which helps us cut down on using faucet fuels and saves us money on our electricity bills. But it’s a great way to support a healthier planet.

How do photovoltaic cells work?

Solar energy is a fantastic way to power your home and businesses, and it all starts with how solar cells work.

Photovoltaic cells are the main part (like the heart) of solar panels. When sunlight hits these cells, they absorb the light particles and generate electricity.

So, how does a solar cell produce electricity? It’s simple! The solar cell is made of two layers of silicon, one with a positive charge and one with a negative charge. This process creates electric fields that push the free-moving electrons and generate electricity.

Types of Solar panels

There are several main types of solar panels in the market with unique features.

Monocrystalline solar panels: 

Monocrystalline solar panels are made from a single piece of silicon crystal. They are efficient at converting sunlight into electricity, producing much energy even in small places. They look sleek and black and run, usually lasting a long time. Also, they are more space-efficient but expensive.

Best for: Areas with limited space(like home) with  high sunlight exposure

Polycrystalline Solar Panel: 

Polycrystalline Solar panels work by using multiple silicon crystals. When sunlight hits the panels, these crystals absorb the light and then convert the energy into electricity. They are slightly less efficient than the monocrystalline panels but are also more affordable. Polycrystalline panels have a good lifespan and perform well in various environmental conditions.

Best for: Large spaces where efficiency is not the top priority and money is a concern.

Thin-Flim solar panel: 

Thin Flim solar panels work by using a very thin layer of semiconductor material. They are lightweight and flexible, making them easy to install on many surfaces. Its efficiency is lower than that of traditional silicon panels. They also perform well in low-light conditions.

Best for: portable application roofs with weight limitation and installation with shading issues. 

Bifacial solar panel: 

Bifacial solar panels are designed to absorb the sunlight from both sides, generating extra power from reflected sunlight. This solar panel have a high efficiency compared to other traditional panels. They are usually made with monocrystalline and polycrystalline cells.

Best for: open-ground roof installation where sunlight reflects the back of the solar panel.

How do solar panels work: Step-by-step process

Solar energy is a powerful renewable resource that is captured using advanced photovoltaic panel systems. But how do solar panels generate electricity that is usable in homes and businesses? In this, we will explore how solar energy works, breaking down in steps from sunlight absorption to delivering power for your everyday needs.

• Sunlight hit the solar panel: 

Solar panels are made of photovoltaic cells. When light hits the solar panel, the panel absorbs the sunlight.

• Generation of electric current:

Pv cells catch sunlight and convert it into Direct current(DC) electricity by exciting electrons in the semiconductor material. As the electrons move, they create a flow of electricity known as Direct current.

• Inverter Conversion: 

How do solar panels create electricity? The electricity generated by the solar cells is in a form called direct current (DC). The DC electricity is sent to an inverter, which converts it into alternating current( AC). Then, this energy is used in your home appliances and devices.

• Electricity power your building: 

AC electricity can power your home appliances or devices and send them to the electrical grid.

• Excess energy Sent to the grid or stored:

Extra energy can be produced:

• Sent to the grid for credits
• Stored in batteries for later use( in system with storage)

• Monitoring and Maintenance:

Regular checks and maintenance ensure the solar panels work efficiently over time, helping optimize electricity use and savings.

Advantages and disadvantages of solar panels

Solar panels are a great way to use sunlight to power your home, but they have ups and downs.

Reduction in Electricity bills: By generating your own electricity, you can see a significant decrease in your electricity bills.

Low Maintenance Costs: Solar panels require minimal maintenance, mainly cleaning and occasional inspections.

Environment Friendly:  Solar panels generate electricity without pollution, helping to reduce carbon footprints. 

Increasing property value: Homes with solar panels can have higher resale value, as buyers often look for energy-efficient features.

Energy independence: Generating your electricity can reduce dependence on energy suppliers and protect you against rising energy costs. 

Disadvantages of solar panels: 

Space limitations: Not all homes have suitable roof space for solar panels, which can present challenges in installing enough panels to meet energy needs.  

High initial cost: The upfront investment for solar panels can be significant. It is expensive due to the cost of solar panels. This includes the cost of solar purchasing panels, inverters, batteries, labour and installation.

Weather dependence: The UK weather can be unpredictable, with frequent cloudy days, which can affect the performance of solar panels.

Energy storage cost: Solar energy needs to be stored in batteries at nighttime, which can be costly. It may be cost-effective to rely on grid electricity at night, especially if the solar system is connected.